Anaerobic Reactor

Anaerobic pathways involve decomposition of organic material in biological sludge in the absence of oxygen to convert the material to different variety of end products, mainly methane and carbon dioxide. It can be used in the stabilization process of wastewater treatment plant sludge and to certain degree some industrial waste as well. The anaerobic suspended growth process for the conversion will take place and occur in an air tight reactor and there are different configurations available with some of those commonly used are the anaerobic contact process, complete-mix digestion, two-stage bed leachate filter, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), fluidized bed feed and the membrane solids separation. Overall, these shall be covered and discussed further in details later part.

Anaerobic pathways involve decomposition of organic material in biological sludge in the absence of oxygen to convert the material to a different variety of end products, mainly methane and carbon dioxide. It can be used in the stabilization process of wastewater treatment plant sludge and to a certain degree some industrial waste as well. The anaerobic suspended growth process for the conversion will take place and occur in an air tight reactor and there are different configurations available with some of those commonly used are the anaerobic contact process, complete-mix digestion, two-stage bed leachate filter, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), fluidized bed feed and the membrane solids separation.

Normally the system is used to treat high COD and BOD industrial wastewater by means of diluting the incoming waste strength, achieved by mixing the processed and stabilized sludge solids with the influent. The reaction and breakdown of the waste compound is done under the complete anaerobic condition and the mixture must be properly mixed and homogenized. Formation of supernatant and digested solids can then be separated and the discharged effluent will be partially recycled and returned back to the incoming wastewater. This configuration will reduce the amount of sludge normally produced in a typical anaerobic process and overall the detention time to complete the whole cycle can be between 2 – 10 hours. In terms of process efficiency expressed in percent of COD removal, typical data of 75 – 85% should be a realistic figure to aim for in a highly optimized setup.

In an Upflow Sludge Blanket Process, influent is introduced to the reactor via bottom inlet pipeline and as the wastewater flows upward, it will come into contact with the sludge blanket leading to treatment taking place. The gases produced under the anaerobic condition will rise to the top of the system and carry along with it the biological granules and this will help in the circulation and mixed distribution. Gases released from the reactor will be contained in a vessel while the granules will drop back once it comes into contact with the baffles plates. Compared to the anaerobic contact process detailed earlier, overall detention time for the UASB is slightly longer while the COD efficiency and removal is almost comparable. To keep the reactor functioning in a suspended growth system, upflow bottom wastewater feed should be controlled between 0.6 to 0.9 cubic meters per hour and maintained throughout the process. (More details about UASB Reactors)

In order to understand the conversion pathways happening in the anaerobic digester, let us go deeper into the microbiology aspect. Usually degradation of organic compound will occur in 3 steps. First is the process known as hydrolysis involving breakdown of complex compounds such as protein, lipids into simpler molecules like amino acids, fatty acids which can be readily used. The second process which is also called acidogenesis will utilize the end product from the first process to further degrade it into lower molecular-mass intermediate compound usually done by facultative bacteria to form hydrogen and acetate. Finally methanogenesis will take place in the last step in which strictly pure anaerobic bacteria will play their role to convert the intermediate compounds to methane and carbon dioxide. This is the most important part of the anaerobic sludge treatment system as most of the stabilization process is accomplished during this stage. In order to maintain a well-working highly efficient setup, the most important parameters which have to be taken into consideration are the pH (ideal range should be between 6.8 to 7.4), nutrients in terms of nitrogen and phosphates; and also the temperatures depending on whether mesophilic or thermophilic bacteria are present in the systems.

Aerobic treatment systems

An aerobic treatment system or ATS, often called (incorrectly) an aerobic septic system, is a small-scale sewage treatment system similar to a septic tank system, but which uses an aerobic process for digestion rather than just the anaerobic process used in septic systems. These systems are commonly found in rural areas where public sewers are not available and may be used for a single residence or for a small group of homes.

Unlike the traditional septic system, the aerobic treatment system produces a high-quality secondary effluent, which can be sterilized and used for surface irrigation. This allows much greater flexibility in the placement of the leach field, as well as cutting the required size of the leach field by as much as half.

Process

Pre-treatment stage to remove large solids and other undesirable substances from the wastewater; this stage acts much like a septic system, and an ATS may be added to an existing septic tank to further process the primary effluent. Aeration stage, where the aerobic bacteria digest the biological wastes in the wastewater. Settling stage to allow any undigested solids to settle. This forms a sludge which must be periodically removed from the system. Disinfecting stage, where chlorine or similar disinfectant is mixed with the water, to produce an antiseptic output.

Types of aerobic treatment systems

Fixed film systems

Fixed film systems use a porous medium which provides a bed to support the biomass film that digests the waste material in the wastewater. Designs for fixed film systems vary widely, but fall into two basic categories (though some systems may combine both methods). The first is a system where the media is moved relative to the wastewater, alternately immersing the film and exposing it to air, while the second uses a stationary media, and varies the wastewater flow so the film is alternately submerged and exposed to air. In both cases, the biomass must be exposed to both wastewater and air for the aerobic digestion to occur. The film itself may be made of any suitable porous material, such as formed plastic or peat moss. Simple systems use stationary media, and rely on intermittent, gravity-driven wastewater flow to provide periodic exposure to air and wastewater. A common moving media system is the rotating biological contactor (RBC), which uses disks rotating slowly on a horizontal shaft. Approximately 40 percent of the disks are submerged at any given time, and the shaft rotates at a rate of one or two revolutions per minute.

Continuous flow, suspended growth aerobic systems

CFSGAS systems, as the name implies, are designed to handle the continuous flow, and do not provide a bed for a bacterial film, relying rather on bacteria suspended in the wastewater. The suspension and aeration are typically provided by an air pump, which pumps air through the aeration chamber, providing a constant stirring of the wastewater in addition to the oxygenation. A medium to promote fixed film bacterial growth may be added to some systems designed to handle higher than normal levels of biomass in the wastewater.

Retrofit or portable aerobic systems

Another increasingly common use of aerobic treatment is for the remediation of failing or failed anaerobic septic systems, by retrofitting an existing system with an aerobic feature. This class of product, known as aerobic remediation, is designed to remediate biologically failed and failing anaerobic distribution systems by significantly reducing the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total suspended solids (TSS) of the effluent. The reduction of the BOD5 and TSS reverses the developed bio-mat. Further, effluent with high dissolved oxygen and aerobic bacteria flow to the distribution component and digest the bio-mat.

Moving Bed Reactor

MBBR - Economically solution

With the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Triqua International offers an economical solution for wastewater treatment or if applicable discharge regulations are not as strict.With this application, we offer advanced wastewater treatment solutions for the industrial and municipal markets. These solutions significantly increase the capacity and efficiency of existing wastewater treatment plants, while minimizing the size of new plant deployments.

This method makes it possible to attain good efficiency results of disposal with low energy consumption. This process is used for the removal of organic substances, nitrification and denitrification. The MBBR process can be used for a variety of different applications to attain the desired results, depending on the quality of the wastewater and the discharge regulations.

Benefits

• Expandable
• Easy to operate and control
• Robust design
• Low load on particle separation
• No clogging of bio-film carriers
• Flexible reactor design
• Compact design
• Cost efficient
• Minimize process complexity and operator attention
• Fast recovery from process upsets
• Flexible Technology
• Durable & Stable
• Simply to extend
• Environmentally friendly

Applications

• All types of industrial and domestic wastewater
• Both organic as nitrogen removal
• New plants or system upgrades
• Limited footprint
• With the help of latest machines and technology, we are able to provide superior grade Moving Bed Bio Reactor. To enhance the surface area for bio-growth these reactors are filled with specified quantity of bio media made of light weight plastic material. These products are tested on various parameters to ensure their adherence to set industry standards and quality norms.

Oil Skimmers

Oil skimmers are pieces of equipment that remove oil floating on the surface of a fluid. In general, oil skimmers work because they are made of materials to which oil is more likely to stick than the fluid it is floating on. At the same time, the fluid has very little attraction to oil skimmers. Oil skimmers are usually all that is necessary to remove oil from a liquid. In some cases, however, oil skimmers may be used to pre-treat a fluid. In this case, the oil skimmers remove as much of the oil as possible before more expensive and time-consuming measures are employed. Pre-treating the fluid with oil skimmers reduces the overall cost of cleaning the liquid.

There are two basic types of oil skimmers. One type is used to filter and remove oil, debris, and unwanted materials. The other type is used to recover or capture oil in a usable state. Typically, this second type of skimmer is used to clean up oil spills in factories, refineries, and bodies of water. Applications for oil skimmers include in-plant pumps, tanks, and coolant systems as well as outdoor cooling and settling ponds. When selecting oil skimmers, important specifications to consider include capacity, removal or recovery rate, and total flow. When capacity is measured in gallons, flow is measured in gallons per minute (gpm) and the removal or recovery rate is expressed in gallons per hour (gph).

Salient Features

• Most inexpensive way to remove oil from water.
• Saves coolants by removing tramp oil.
• Conserves parts wash water by removing oily wastes.
• Prevents plugging of spray heads and filters.
• Reduces fluid disposal costs.
• Skimmed oil can be recycled and reused as a lubricant or fuel.
• No electricity required
• No filters needed
• No operating cost
• No maintenance cost
• Suitable for any liquid
• Robust, compact, and re-locatable
• Can be integrated with existing systems without modifications

Applications

• Petroleum refineries, lube blending plants
• Oil drilling services
• Mineral and vegetable oil plants
• Automobile units and service stations
• General engineering industries and machining centers
• Industries employing industrial washing machines
• Perfumery and essential oil industries
• Industrial houses
• Effluent treatment plants and sewage treatment plants

Clariflocculators

Clariflocculators are a combination of both flocculation as well as clarification. With this, the installation of the plant becomes economical and faster. All these clariflocculators are best suited for water treatment plant, waste treatment plant and effluent treatment plant. Available as center driven and end driven models, these clariflocculators consists of concentric circular compartments.

Types available

• Centre Driven Clariflocculator
• End Driven Clariflocculator
• Full Bridge Clariflocculator
• Half Bridge Clariflocculator

Working

• The water is fed into the clariflocculator. Flocculating paddles increases the flocculation of feed solids.In the process-heavy particles settle to the bottom. Remaining liquid flows upward in the clarifier zone. Then the clarified liquid is discharged over a peripheral weir into the peripheral launder. The sludge deposited is then routed to the sludge chambers and discharged.
• End Driven Clariflocculator
• Full Bridge Clariflocculator
• Half Bridge Clariflocculator

Technical specifications

• Diameter: 4M to maximum up to 70M
• Bridge width varies from 0.75M to 1.5M
• Number of flocculators: 1 to 4

Application areas

• Municipal water treatment plants
• Primary Treatment in ETP
• Heavy Metal Removal

Flash Mixers

After screening out debris and testing the raw water, water treatment really begins at the flash mix chamber. Here, chemicals are added to the water, primarily to aid in coagulation and flocculation. In the flash mixer, the water is agitated violently for a short period of time before being released into the flocculation basin.

The duration of mixing in the flash mix chamber is carefully controlled and is usually between thirty seconds and one minute. If the water is mixed for less than thirty seconds, then the chemicals will not be properly mixed into the water. But if the water is mixed for more than sixty seconds, then the blades will shear the newly forming floc back into smaller particles. When determining the length of time that water must spend in the flash mix chamber, flow rates must be calculated. The volume of the flash mix chamber and the amount of flow determine the contact time.

Questions about fluoride effectiveness for cavity prevention is also being compounded by the fact that fifty years of real-world research has discovered enough evidence to at least question the effect of long-term exposure to fluoride, particularly for infants and children. Some research suggests it may have deleterious effects on;

Agitator

We are engaged in offering a wide range of Flash Mixer that is fabricated by using quality-tested material bases that are sourced from reliable vendors of the market. Specifically designed and fabricated for the process requirement of water and wastewater treatment. The design of Flash mixer water treatment plants ensures efficient, minimum energy consumption and long life. These are available in various designs and models and can be customized as per the details provided by the client. The entire range of Flash Mixer delivered by us is highly acknowledged for their durability, reliability, accurate finish, precision engineered and optimum performance. Owing to the unmatched range, we have become the most trusted Flash Mixer manufacturer in India.

Lamella Plate Clarifiers

Our range of lamella plate clarifier is accurately designed to eradicate suspended solids and high turbidity from water. These systems are available with flocculation tank, clarifiers such as Lamella type, tube settler or conventional clarifier.

Applications

• Ash / Scrubber Waste Treatment.
• Brine Clarification.
• Clarification of Water.
• Coal and other Mineral Separation.
• Filter Backwash Water Recovery.
• Food and Dairy Processing and Waste Water.
• Iron Removal.
• Methyl Hydroxide Separation.

Features

• Flow entry - The flow enters from both sides of the plate. Distribution and entry velocities are minimum to optimize the hydraulic flow regime, resulting in full plate utilization, maximum efficiency and better effluent quality.
• Weir take-off - A weir launder provides an effective weir length. The weir has orifices on either side of each plate.
• Removable plates - Individual plates are easily removable even during operation, making the unit very simple to maintain. The design offers flexibility to handle changes in influent characteristics.
• Hopper Arrangement - Several options are available for sludge storage. The standard arrangement is a hopper bottom with a structural support frame. A second option is to mount the lamella clarifier on top of a thickener in order to achieve a higher solids concentration while providing a large sludge volume.

Tube Settlers

Tube settlers use multiple tubular channels sloped at an angle of 60° and adjacent to each other, which combine to form an increased effective settling area.

This provides for a particle settling depth that is significantly less than the settling depth of a conventional clarifier, reducing settling times.

Tube settlers capture the settleable fine floc that escapes the clarification zone beneath the tube settlers and allows the larger floc to travel to the tank bottom in a more settleable form.

The tube settler's channel collects solids into a compact mass which promotes the solids to slide down the tube channel.

Why Tube Settlers?

Tube settlers offer an inexpensive method of upgrading existing water treatment plant clarifiers and sedimentation basins to improve performance.

They can also reduce the tankage/footprint required in new installations or improve the performance of existing settling basins by reducing the solids loading on downstream filters.

Made of lightweight PVC, tube settlers can be easily supported with minimal structures that often incorporate the effluent trough supports.

They are available in a variety of module sizes and tube lengths to fit any tank geometry, with custom design and engineering offered by the manufacturer.

Advantages of Tube Settlers

• Clarifiers/basins equipped with tube settlers can operate at 2 to 4 times the normal rate of clarifiers/basins without tube settlers.
• It is possible to cut coagulant dosage by up to half while maintaining a lower influent turbidity to the treatment plant filters.
• Less filter backwashing equates to significant operating cost savings for both water and electricity.
• New installations using tube settlers can be designed smaller because of increased flow capability.
• A flow of existing water treatment plants can be increased through the addition of tube settlers.
• Tube settlers increase allowable flow capacity by expanding settling capacity and increasing the solids removal rate in settling tanks.